Which organ is affected by Japanese encephalitis?
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Which organ is affected by Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection that affects parts of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. It is the leading cause of viral neurological disease and disability in Asia, and it is especially prevalent among children.
How does Japanese encephalitis enters the body?
JEV is transmitted to humans through bites from infected mosquitoes of the Culex species (mainly Culex tritaeniorhynchus). Humans, once infected, do not develop sufficient viraemia to infect feeding mosquitoes. The virus exists in a transmission cycle between mosquitoes, pigs and/or water birds (enzootic cycle).
Which virus causes Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis is caused by a flavivirus, which can affect both humans and animals. The virus is passed from animals to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. Pigs and wading birds are the main carriers of the Japanese encephalitis virus.
Is Japanese encephalitis common in India?
Approximately 597,542,000 people in India live in JE-endemic regions, and 1,500 to 4,000 cases are reported every year.
What type of vaccine is Japanese encephalitis?
Inactivated Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (manufactured as IXIARO) is the only JE vaccine licensed and available in the United States. This vaccine was approved in March 2009 for use in people aged 17 years and older and in May 2013 for use in children 2 months through 16 years of age.
Why is it called Japanese encephalitis?
Since it emerged in Japan in the 1870s, Japanese encephalitis has spread across Asia and has become the most important cause of epidemic encephalitis worldwide.
How common is encephalitis in India?
Between 2008 and 2014, there have been more than 44,000 cases and nearly 6000 deaths from encephalitis in India, particularly in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In 2016, there has been a rise in encephalitis, with over 125 children reported to have died in one hospital in Gorakhpur alone5.
What is JE vaccine India?
JENVAC is a single dose inactivated Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Vaccine. This Vero cell derived vaccine is prepared from an Indian strain (Kolar- 821564XY) of the JE virus. JENVAC has been developed in collaboration with the National Institute of Virology, India.
What bacteria causes encephalitis?
Most diagnosed cases of encephalitis in the United States are caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, arboviruses (such as West Nile Virus), which are transmitted from infected animals to humans through the bite of an infected tick, mosquito, or other blood-sucking insect, or enteroviruses.
When is Japanese encephalitis season in India?
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh experiences two epidemics every year, first from April to July that is quite severe while second from September to December being milder similar to the rest of India [20]. In India, JE is a leading pediatric health issue and epidemics have been reported from many regions since 1955.
Who invented the Japanese encephalitis vaccine?
Summary Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine was available in the United States from 1983 through 1987 on an investigational basis, through travel clinics in collaboration with CDC (1). JE vaccine manufactured by Biken and distributed by Connaught Laboratories, Inc.
What is other name of Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)….
| Japanese encephalitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Japanese B encephalitis |
| The geographic distribution of Japanese encephalitis (dark green) | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Headache, fever, vomiting, confusion, seizures |
Where is Japanese encephalitis in India?
The challenge: A crippling brain virus killing thousands In 2005, a massive outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurred in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Thousands of people fell ill, and more than 1,500 died.
Where is Japanese encephalitis most common?
Japanese encephalitis is a viral brain infection that’s spread through mosquito bites. It’s most common in rural areas in southeast Asia, the Pacific islands and the Far East, but is very rare in travellers. The virus is found in pigs and birds, and is passed to mosquitoes when they bite infected animals.
What is the pathophysiology of encephalitis?
Pathophysiology of Encephalitis In acute encephalitis, inflammation and edema occur in infected areas throughout the cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, cerebellum, and, occasionally, spinal cord. Petechial hemorrhages may be present in severe infections.
What parasite causes encephalitis?
Toxocariasis is another cause of encephalitis in immunocompetent adults. Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are parasites of dogs and cats, and humans can be infected by ingestion of the parasite eggs from the soil or contaminated water and food.
Where is Japanese encephalitis most common in India?
The most affected states comprise of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Epidemics are reported from union territories of Goa and Pondicherry as well [23].
