What is the pathophysiology of aortic cross clamping?
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What is the pathophysiology of aortic cross clamping?
The pathophysiology of aortic cross-clamping During open aortic surgery, interrupting the blood flow through the aorta by applying a cross-clamp is often a key step to allow for surgical repair. As a consequence, ischemia is induced in parts of the body distal to the clamp site.
What are the possible complications of a aortic crossclamp?
Aortic crossclamp: CV complications. Definition. Complications: If the cross-clamp is suprarenal, can have renal failure, hepatic ischemia and coagulopathy, bowel infarction, and paraplegia. Most consistent response is arterial hypertension above the clamp and hypotension below the clamp.
What is the effect of cross clamping on thoracic aorta in dogs?
Cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta is associated with almost a twofold increase in blood flow through the upper part of the body, [19-21] more than a threefold increase in blood flow through the muscle proximal to the clamp, [33] and a dramatic decrease in canine hind-leg volume as determined by mercury strain-gauge plethysmography. [38]
What are the time-dependent changes during aortic cross-clamping?
Release and accumulation of vasoactive substances (see below) also may play a role in the time-dependent changes during aortic cross-clamping, including increases in systemic vascular resistance.
How should blood pressure be monitored in patients with aortic cross-clamps?
Blood pressure should be monitored proximal and distal to the aortic cross-clamp, usually via a right radial artery line (because blood flow to the left subclavian artery might be compromised by the cross-clamp) and a right femoral line.
What is the clinical significance of cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta?
A clinically relevant message from these findings [34] is that during cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta, which subjects vitally important organs (liver, kidneys, and spinal cord) to severe ischemia, proximal and distal aortic pressures should be maintained as great as the heart can withstand.
