What is the meaning of fluoroquinolones?
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What is the meaning of fluoroquinolones?
Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibiotics approved to treat or prevent certain bacterial infections. The fluoroquinolone antibiotics include ciprofloxacin (Cipro), gemifloxacin (Factive), levofloxacin (Levaquin), moxifloxacin (Avelox), and ofloxacin (Floxin).
What are fluoroquinolones examples?
FDA-approved fluoroquinolones include levofloxacin (Levaquin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), ciprofloxacin extended-release tablets, moxifloxacin (Avelox), ofloxacin, gemifloxacin (Factive) and delafloxacin (Baxdela). There are more than 60 generic versions.
What are the indications for fluoroquinolones?
Indications for Quinolone Antibiotics Labeled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
| Indications | Agents |
|---|---|
| Infectious diarrhea | Ciprofloxacin |
| Typhoid fever | Ciprofloxacin |
| Prostatitis | Norfloxacin, ofloxacin, trovafloxacin* |
| Acute sinusitis | Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin (Avelox), trovafloxacin* |
Is fluoroquinolones a broad spectrum?
The fluoroquinolones are a family of broad spectrum, systemic antibacterial agents that have been used widely as therapy of respiratory and urinary tract infections. Fluoroquinolones are active against a wide range of aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
What are quinolone derivatives?
The quinolone derivative 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) is an N-nitroso compound that facilitates carcinogenesis via generation of DNA damage, including oxidized bases, DNA adducts, abasic sites, single-strand breaks and pyrimidine dimers (Winkle & Tinoco, 1979).
What do fluoroquinolones target?
Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone action Fluoroquinolones target DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV with varying efficiency in different bacteria and inhibit their control of supercoiling within the cell, resulting in impaired DNA replication (at lower concentrations) and cell death (at lethal concentrations) [10,15].
What is the difference between fluoroquinolones and quinolones?
There are several different types of antibiotics that may be used for various infections, but quinolones (also known as fluoroquinolones) are a type of infectious disease medication used primarily when there is a concern for multidrug resistance from other antibiotics.
Why should you avoid fluoroquinolones?
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics can increase the occurrence of rare but serious events of ruptures or tears in the main artery of the body, called the aorta. These tears, called aortic dissections, or ruptures of an aortic aneurysm can lead to dangerous bleeding or even death.
What are the contraindications of fluoroquinolones?
Contraindications to Fluoroquinolones aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infections in immunocompromised patients, life-threatening multiresistant bacterial infections in neonates and infants, and Salmonella or Shigella gastrointestinal tract infections.
What are 4th generation fluoroquinolones?
The fourth-generation fluoroquinolones, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin, were introduced in 2003 promising improved spectrum of activity and delayed development of resistance.
What type of antibiotic are quinolones?
Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including mycobacteria, and anaerobes.
How do fluoroquinolones work?
Abstract. The newer fluoroquinolones are a major advance in antimicrobial chemotherapy. They inhibit the supercoiling activity of the DNA gyrase enzyme, thus exerting their antibacterial action on DNA and RNA synthesis, resulting in a biphasic response and killing of susceptible organisms.
What is a contraindication to use of a fluoroquinolone?
Is azithromycin A fluoroquinolones?
Azithromycin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, whereas levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolones antibiotic. Since its release in early 1990s, azithromycin has become the most commonly prescribed macrolide antibiotics in the US.
Is amoxicillin a fluoroquinolone?
Amoxicillin and Levaquin (levofloxacin) are both antibiotics used to treat a variety bacterial infections. Levaquin belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics, while amoxicillin is a penicillin type of antibiotic.
Who Cannot take fluoroquinolones?
The FDA advises that health care providers should not prescribe systemic fluoroquinolones for patients who have an aortic aneurysm or are at risk of an aortic aneurysm (such as patients with peripheral atherosclerotic vascular diseases, hypertension, certain genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos …
Who is at risk for fluoroquinolone toxicity?
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today issued a Drug Safety Communication warning health care professionals to avoid prescribing fluoroquinolone antibiotics to patients who have an aortic aneurysm or are at risk for an aortic aneurysm, such as patients with a history of blood vessel blockages or aneurysms, high …
What are the side effects of fluoroquinolones?
Common side effects of fluoroquinolones include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain or discomfort, and trouble sleeping. Some patients also develop sensitivity to sunlight and ultraviolet light, such as the lights used in tanning salons.
What is 4th generation antibiotics?
The fourth generation penicillins are semisynthetic modifications of natural penicillin that have the advantage of an extended spectrum of activity particularly against gram negative bacteria including Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Proteus and Klebsiella species.
