What is Biclonal?

What is Biclonal?

(1) Biclonal gammopathy, defined as the simultaneous appearance of two different monoclonal protein components, is rare.

What is Biclonal multiple myeloma?

The term biclonal multiple myeloma are de ned by coexistence of two different M components, which could be either from a single clone or two separate clones producing two distinct bands in electrophoresis and or immuno xation of serum or urine.

What does no monoclonal band detected mean?

If a monoclonal protein is identified, its immunoglobulin class (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE) and light chain type (kappa, lambda) are determined by immunofixation. If no monoclonal protein is detected, further testing is not warranted.

How common is Biclonal gammopathy?

Biclonal gammopathy is relatively rare in M proteinemia and accounts for approximately 1-5% of all myelomas [3]. The most commonly encountered combination is IgG and IgA (53%), followed by IgM and IgG (24%) as per literature [2,3].

What causes Biclonal gammopathy?

The biclonal gammopathy may result from proliferation of two clones of plasma cells, each producing an unrelated monoclonal protein or from the production of two M-proteins by one clone of plasma cells (Ho et al., 2002). Triclonal gammopathies or oligoclonal gammopathies have been also reported.

How do you test for paraprotein?

A paraprotein can be detected in the blood using tests called Serum Protein Electrophoresis and Serum Free Light Chains. These will detect slightly different kinds of paraproteins (“Intact Paraprotein” or “Light Chain”), but they are both produced by the same process and are usually managed the same way.

Does MGUS always precede myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is always preceded by precursor conditions including MGUS and smoldering myeloma. The rate of progression of MGUS is at 1% per year, but the rate of progression of SMM is 10% per year, with a high rate of progression of 50% at 2 years for those with high-risk features.

What does monoclonal band mean?

Monoclonal gammopathy is the name given to a “band” in serum protein electrophoresis, caused by the overproduction of a population of plasma cells, which in turn produce a single immunoglobulin (the so-called “plasma cell dyscrasias”).

Is MGUS serious?

MGUS usually causes no problems. But sometimes it can progress to more-serious diseases, including some forms of blood cancer. If you have high amounts of this protein in your blood, it’s important to have regular checkups so that you can get earlier treatment if it does progress.

What does paraprotein band mean?

“Paraproteins”/ “M-proteins” are abnormal immunoglobulins produced by clonal plasma cells. They can be intact immunoglobulins (usually IgG, IgA or IgM) or parts of immunoglobulins (usually light chains, very rarely heavy chains).

What is paraprotein band?

If a group of plasma cells start to produce just one type of abnormal protein this is called a paraprotein and can be an indicator of an abnormality. It may also be referred to as an “M-band” or “M-protein”.

Can you live a long life with MGUS?

Data from the Mayo Clinic showed that the median survival of MGUS patients was 8.1 years compared to 11.8 in the comparable US population.

What does positive Oligoclonal bands mean?

Oligoclonal bands are proteins called immunoglobulins. The presence of these proteins indicates inflammation of the central nervous system. The presence of oligoclonal bands may point to a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.