What is a Cefinase test?
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What is a Cefinase test?
Principle. Cefinase discs are intended for use in rapid testing of isolated colonies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus species, Enterococcus species, Hameophilus influenzae and anaerobic bacteria for the production of beta-lactamase.
What causes Moraxella catarrhalis?
In most cases, the cause is an infection, which antibiotics can treat. M. catarrhalis is often present in adults with a weakened immune system who then develop pneumonia.
What antibiotics treat Moraxella?
Amoxicillin-clavulanate, second- and third-generation oral cephalosporins, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) are the most recommended agents. Alternatively, azithromycin or clarithromycin can be used.
Why would you perform a beta-lactamase test?
β-lactamases thus play a key role in bacterial resistance to beta-lactam agents, and detection of their presence can provide useful information. Various assays are available to detect β-lactamases, such as the iodometric method, the acidometric method, and by the use of chromogenic substrates.
Why is a beta-lactamase test performed?
Objective of Beta (β)-Lactamase Test To detect the enzyme beta-lactamase, which confers penicillin resistance to various bacterial organisms.
Is Moraxella serious?
While M. catarrhalis can be responsible for mild sinus and ear infections in children, it can be much more dangerous in people with a compromised immune system. M. catarrhalis usually stays in the respiratory tracts of adults who have illnesses like cystic fibrosis or an autoimmune disease.
What disease does Moraxella cause?
A number of common childhood illnesses, including some middle ear (otitis media) and sinus infections (sinusitis), are caused by Moraxella catarrhalis bacteria. On rare occasions, this same organism may cause a blood infection (bacteremia), an eye infection (conjunctivitis), and meningitis in newborns.
Does Moraxella catarrhalis have beta-lactamase positive?
Antibiotic susceptibility testing conducted in this study revealed that all the M. catarrhalis isolates were beta-lactamase producers. Studies from Australia, Europe, and the United States have reported beta-lactamase production in over 90% of the similar isolates [14].
What can Moraxella cause?
What does positive beta-lactamase mean?
Definition of beta-lactamase : any of various bacterial enzymes that inactivate the penicillins and cephalosporins by hydrolyzing them When confronted with an antibiotic, a number of disease-causing bacteria will retaliate by making an enzyme called beta-lactamase …— Diana Morgan and Terence Monmaney.
What is Moraxella catarrhalis beta-lactamase positive?
Beta-lactamases produced by the M. catarrhalis not only protect the pathogen but also inactivate penicillin, an antibiotic that is commonly used for the treatment of mixed infections caused by other airway pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae [1, 4].
How is Moraxella transmitted?
Transmission is believed to be due to direct contact with contaminated secretions by droplets. The endotoxin of M catarrhalis, a lipopolysaccharide similar to those found in Neisseria species, may play a role in the disease process.
What is beta-lactamase positive?
Beta-lactam antibiotics are typically used to target a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria are usually secreted, especially when antibiotics are present in the environment.
How is beta-lactamase treated?
Commonly used medications to treat ESBL-involved infections include: carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem) cephamycins (cefoxitin and cefotetan) fosfomycin.
What is Moraxella infection?
Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative diplococcus that commonly colonizes the upper respiratory tract. It is a leading cause of otitis media in children, acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
Is Moraxella catarrhalis serious?
Where do beta-lactamases come from?
Beta-lactamases, (β-lactamases) are enzymes (EC 3.5. 2.6) produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams and carbapenems (ertapenem), although carbapenems are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase.
