What causes splenic sequestration of platelets?

What causes splenic sequestration of platelets?

Bone marrow suppression can be caused by viruses, alcohol, iron overload, and medications. Splenic sequestration results from hypersplenism.

Are platelets elevated in splenic sequestration?

In normal adults, one-third of all circulating platelets are transiently sequestered within the splenic sinusoids. Increased spleen size results in greater splenic sequestration of platelets and lower peripheral blood platelet counts.

How does spleen affect platelet count?

Theoretically, if the spleen is removed, the platelets will remain in the blood stream. The spleen can also be the site of antibody production. Therefore removing the spleen may reduce the amount of anti-platelet antibodies in addition to removing the antibody-coated platelets.

What is platelet sequestration?

The three main classes of thrombocytopenia are: Platelet destruction such as with an auto-antibody that attaches to the platelet surface. Platelet sequestration such as in someone with a large spleen or with liver disease. Decreased platelet production as occurs in certain bone marrow diseases.

What is meant by splenic sequestration?

It is also called splenic sequestration (seh-kwuh-stray-shun). This is when red blood cells get trapped in the spleen, causing severe anemia.

What happens to platelet count after splenectomy?

Platelet counts after splenectomy have been reported to increase 30% to 100%, with a peak reached at 7 to 20 days postoperatively (3). Common complications of thrombocytosis include thrombosis and hemorrhage.

How does splenectomy increase platelet count?

The early, highly significant thrombocytosis, following both splenectomy and general surgery, is caused by increased production of platelets due to the surgical trauma. This is caused by a direct action on bone marrow MK by transforming 2N-8N MK into higher ploidy classes.

What is sequestration in the spleen?

Splenic sequestration (blood trapped in the spleen) refers to a sudden condition of pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen. Children with sickle cell disease between ages five months and two years represent most cases of splenic sequestration.

What percentage of platelets can be sequestered in the spleen?

About 25% to 30% of red blood cells (RBCs) are stored in the spleen, along with about 25% of platelets normally sequestered in the spleen.

When does splenic sequestration occur?

Babies and young children are at greatest risk of splenic sequestration and septicemia. Complications can develop as young as 2 months of age, but usually occur between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. As children get older, the spleen becomes smaller. Eventually, it may not enlarge anymore.

Does splenectomy cause thrombocytopenia?

Splenectomy is a major treatment modality when more conservative medical therapy has failed. Despite an initial response rate of 70–80%, 15% of patients will develop a recurrent thrombocytopenia.

How does splenectomy help thrombocytopenia?

Splenectomy removes the primary site of platelet clearance and autoantibody production and offers the highest rate of durable response (50% to 70%) compared with other ITP therapies.

What happens to platelets after splenectomy?

How many platelets are stored in spleen?

How does removal of the spleen increase the number of platelets?

Why remove the spleen? In people with ITP the immune system treats platelets as foreign and destroys them. The spleen is responsible for removing these damaged platelets and therefore removal of the spleen can help to keep more platelets circulating in the body.

What happens splenic sequestration?

Splenic sequestration is a potentially life-threatening condition that’s most commonly seen as a complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). It happens mostly in children. The condition causes a child’s spleen to get bigger and lowers the amount of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in their body.

Why is splenectomy performed in ITP?

Can splenic sequestration cause death?

During severe sequestration crisis, the blood-filled spleen may enlarge to the point of filling the entire abdomen. The child’s hemoglobin may drop rapidly (to as low as 1-3g/dl) resulting in hypovolemic shock (low level of blood in the circulation results in lack of blood to all organs) and death within hours.

What are the symptoms of splenic sequestration?

What are the symptoms of splenic sequestration?

• Irritability.
• Pain on the left side of the abdomen.
• Weakness.
• Fast heart rate.
• Big spleen.
• Unusual Sleepiness.
• Looks pale.