What is Heterosynaptic?

What is Heterosynaptic?

Heterosynaptic plasticity refers to changes at synapses which were not active during the induction of plasticity (Figure 1). Heterosynaptic LTD accompanying the induction of LTP was first described in the hippocampus shortly after the phenomenon of LTP was discovered (Lynch et al., 1977).

What is homosynaptic modulation?

Homosynaptic plasticity is one type of synaptic plasticity. Homosynaptic plasticity is input-specific, meaning changes in synapse strength occur only at post-synaptic targets specifically stimulated by a pre-synaptic target. Therefore, the spread of the signal from the pre-synaptic cell is localized.

What is homosynaptic depression?

Homosynaptic depression (HSD), a progressive decrease in the amplitude of the postsynaptic potential in response to successive presynaptic stimuli, is one of the simplest examples of synaptic plasticity.

What is Heterosynaptic facilitation?

Heterosynaptic facilitation was defined as an increase of amplitude of a test excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) after the activation of a pathway (heterosynaptic pathway) different from that which produced the test EPSP.

What is LTD and LTP?

, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are cellular processes involved in learning and memory. Although they produce opposite effects on synaptic excitability, both LTP and LTD can occur at the same synapse in response to different patterns of activation of NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptors.

What is meant by synaptic plasticity?

Synaptic plasticity specifically refers to the activity-dependent modification of the strength or efficacy of synaptic transmission at preexisting synapses, and for over a century has been proposed to play a central role in the capacity of the brain to incorporate transient experiences into persistent memory traces.

What is reactive plasticity?

Functional plasticity refers to brain’s ability to alter and adapt the functional properties of neurons. The changes can occur in response to previous activity (activity-dependent plasticity) to acquire memory or in response to malfunction or damage of neurons (reactive plasticity) to compensate a pathological event.

What is meant by neural plasticity?

Neural plasticity, also known as neuroplasticity or brain plasticity, can be defined as the ability of the nervous system to change its activity in response to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure, functions, or connections.

What is LTP plasticity?

Long-term synaptic plasticity is defined by a long-lasting, activity-dependent change in synaptic efficacy. Long-term plasticity can bidirectionally modify synaptic strength—either enhancing (LTP, long-term potentiation) or depressing (LTD, long-term depression).

What is structural synaptic plasticity?

Synaptic plasticity is the mechanism by which information is stored and maintained within individual synapses, neurons, and neuronal circuits to guide the behavior of an organism. Although these mechanisms allow the organism to adapt to its constantly evolving environment, not all of these adaptations are beneficial.

What is LTD vs LTP?