What are the main diagnostic tests for ACS?

What are the main diagnostic tests for ACS?

How is it diagnosed and treated?

• A blood test can show evidence that heart cells are dying.
• An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) can diagnose an acute coronary syndrome by measuring the heart’s electrical activity.

What is differential diagnosis for ACS?

Differential diagnosis Cardiovascular: acute pericarditis, myocarditis, aortic stenosis, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism. Respiratory: pneumonia, pneumothorax. Gastrointestinal: oesophageal spasm, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, acute gastritis, cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis. Musculoskeletal chest pain.

How is unstable angina diagnosed?

Tests to diagnose unstable angina can include:

1. Electrocardiogram (EKG).
2. Stress test.
3. Blood tests.
4. Echocardiogram.
5. Coronary angiography.

What ECG changes indicate ACS?

In acute coronary syndrome, common electrocardiographic abnormalities include T-wave tenting or inversion, ST-segment elevation or depression (including J-point elevation in multiple leads), and pathologic Q waves.

When do you do the Trop test?

The most common reason to perform this test is to see if a heart attack has occurred. Your health care provider will order this test if you have chest pain and other signs of a heart attack. The test is usually repeated two more times over the next 6 to 24 hours.

Can ECG be normal in ACS?

A normal electrocardiogram does not exclude acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients who present with chest pain, but many clinicians believe that ACS is unlikely to be the cause of the chest pain if the normal ECG was obtained during a pain episode.

What tests are done to diagnose angina?

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• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This quick and painless test measures the electrical activity of the heart.
• Chest X-ray.
• Blood tests.
• Stress test.
• Echocardiogram.
• Nuclear stress test.
• Cardiac computerized tomography (CT).
• Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Does a ECG show unstable angina?

The ECG in unstable angina may show hyperacute T-wave, flattening of the T-waves, inverted T-waves, and ST depression. ST elevations indicate STEMI and these patients should be treated with percutaneous coronary intervention or thrombolytics while they wait on the availability of a catheterization lab.

Is troponin I or troponin T better?

Cardiac troponin I appears to be a more specific marker of risk of composite cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease, whereas cardiac troponin T is more strongly associated with risk of non–cardiovascular disease death.

What are 3 causes of ACS?

Acute coronary syndrome risk factors include:

• Aging.
• High blood pressure.
• High blood cholesterol.
• Cigarette smoking.
• Lack of physical activity.
• Unhealthy diet.
• Obesity or overweight.
• Diabetes.

What is the initial drug therapy for ACS?

Morphine (or fentanyl) for pain control, oxygen, sublingual or intravenous (IV) nitroglycerin, soluble aspirin 162-325 mg, and clopidogrel with a 300- to 600-mg loading dose are given as initial treatment.

What is a distinguishing ECG finding of ACS?

ECG characteristics of NSTE-ACS (NSTEMI, unstable angina) The hallmark of NSTE-ACS (NSTEMI) is ST segment depressions which are often accompanied by T-wave changes. The latter may be T-wave inversions or flat T-waves. Importantly, the leads displaying ST segment depressions do not necessarily reflect the ischemic area.

WHO criteria ACS?

CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME those presenting with clinical symptoms consistent with ACS and any of the following high risk features: Persistent or dynamic S-T segment changes on ECG: S-T segment depression ≥ 0.5 mm. New T wave inversion ≥ 2.0 mm in more than 2 contiguous leads.

Does ECG diagnose angina?

Diagnosing angina Your doctor can suspect a diagnosis of angina based on your description of your symptoms, when they appear and your risk factors for coronary artery disease. Your doctor will likely first do an electrocardiogram (ECG) to help determine what additional testing is needed to confirm the diagnosis.