Which 2 mutations can cause a frameshift?

Which 2 mutations can cause a frameshift?

Frameshift mutations can occur either by deleting or inserting the nucleotide in the nucleic acid (Figure 3). Deletion frameshift mutation, wherein one or more nucleotides are deleted in a nucleic acid, resulting in the alteration of the reading frame, i.e., reading frameshift, of the nucleic acid.

What is an example of a frameshift mutation?

Frameshift mutations are apparent in severe genetic diseases such as Tay–Sachs disease; they increase susceptibility to certain cancers and classes of familial hypercholesterolaemia; in 1997, a frameshift mutation was linked to resistance to infection by the HIV retrovirus.

Do intercalating agents cause frameshift mutations?

Intercalating agents, such as acridine, introduce atypical spacing between base pairs, resulting in DNA polymerase introducing either a deletion or an insertion, leading to a potential frameshift mutation.

What are some examples of frameshift mutation diseases?

Diseases caused by frameshift mutations in genes include Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, and some forms of cancer.

How does frameshift mutation occur?

What is a frameshift mutation? A frameshift mutation occurs when the aforementioned “addition” or “deletion” mutations result in a change to the gene’s reading frame, which includes groups of three bases that encode for an amino acid.

Which of the following are true of frameshift mutations?

Which of the following are true of frameshift mutations? They are caused by extra or missing nucleotides in a DNA sequence.

Is Huntington disease a frameshift mutation?

As frame shifts occur in both Huntington’s disease and SCA3, the most straightforward explanation is that repeat sequences are particularly susceptible to such frame shifting. Indeed, it has been previously suggested that ataxin 3 frameshift events occur more frequently within longer CAG repeats.

What do intercalating agents do?

A substance that inserts itself into the DNA structure of a cell and binds to the DNA. This causes DNA damage. In cancer treatment, DNA intercalating agents may kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA and stopping them from dividing.

How does an intercalating agent cause mutations quizlet?

Intercalating agents is a chemical that can insert itself between the stacked bases at the center of DNA causing frameshift mutations.

Is cystic fibrosis a frameshift mutation?

We have identified in exon 7 two frameshift mutations, one caused by a two-nucleotide insertion and the other caused by a one-nucleotide deletion; these mutations–CF1154insTC and CF1213delT, respectively, are predicted to shift the reading frame of the protein and to introduce UAA(ochre) termination codons at residues …

Is Crohn’s disease a frameshift mutation?

Here we show, by using the transmission disequilibium test and case-control analysis, that a frameshift mutation caused by a cytosine insertion, 3020insC, which is expected to encode a truncated NOD2 protein, is associated with Crohn’s disease.

Which of the following is true of frameshift mutations?

What are the different types of frameshift mutations?

Insertions, deletions, and duplications can all be frameshift variants. Some regions of DNA contain short sequences of nucleotides that are repeated a number of times in a row.

Which mutation is least likely to be a frameshift mutation?

What is the sequence of the transcript? Which of the following mutations is LEAST likely to cause a frame shift? A mutation that removes 6 nucleotides from a sequence.

What type of mutation is involved in Huntington’s disease?

The HTT mutation that causes Huntington disease involves a DNA segment known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat . This segment is made up of a series of three DNA building blocks (cytosine, adenine, and guanine) that appear multiple times in a row. Normally, the CAG segment is repeated 10 to 35 times within the gene.

What specific mutation causes Huntington’s disease?

Huntington’s disease is caused by changes (mutations) of a gene that is located on the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 (4p16. 3). Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of all body cells. They carry the genetic characteristics of each individual.

What is intercalating agent in genetics?

(… in-TER-kuh-LAY-ting AY-jent) A substance that inserts itself into the DNA structure of a cell and binds to the DNA. This causes DNA damage. In cancer treatment, DNA intercalating agents may kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA and stopping them from dividing.

How do intercalating agents bind to DNA?

Intercalating agents are hydrophobic heterocyclic ring molecules that resemble the ring structure of base pairs, and include ethidium bromide, acridine orange, and actinomycin D. Insertion of these agents distorts the DNA double helix, thereby interfering with DNA replication, transcription, and repair.

Can base analogs cause frameshift mutations?

If these base analogs slip into the DNA molecule between two adjacent base pairs, the intercalated molecule may cause DNAPol to “stutter” and copy the molecule as an extra base pair. This introduces a frameshift mutation.