What is secondary TTP?

What is secondary TTP?

Secondary thrombocytopenia is similar to primary or idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP) in that it is characterized by reduced platelet production or increased platelet destruction resulting in platelet levels<60,000/microL.

What causes acquired TTP?

Acquired TTP is caused when a person’s body mistakingly makes antibodies that block the activity of the ADAMTS13 enzyme. THe ADAMTS13 enzyme normally helps control the activity of certain blood clotting factors.

What drugs cause TTP?

Quinine was the most common drug associated with TTP-HUS. Drug-associated TTP-HUS appears to have 2 distinct etiologic mechanisms: acute and potentially immune-mediated reactions (quinine, ticlopidine, clopidogrel) and. cumulative, dose-dependent toxicity (calcineurin inhibitors, chemotherapy agents).

How TTP is formed?

In December 2007, the existence of the TTP was officially announced under the leadership of Baitullah Mehsud. It was formed in response to Pakistan military operation against Al-Qaeda militants in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in 2007.

Is bleeding time increased in TTP?

Because TTP causes increased clotting, more blood platelets are used up. This can cause internal bleeding, bleeding underneath the skin and other bleeding problems.

What are the symptoms of TTP?

Symptoms

• Bleeding into the skin or mucus membranes.
• Confusion.
• Fatigue, weakness.
• Fever.
• Headache.
• Pale skin color or yellowish skin color.
• Shortness of breath.
• Fast heart rate (over 100 beats per minute)

Can Vitamin B12 deficiency cause thrombocytopenia?

Severe vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to pseudothrombotic microangiopathy, which can present similarly to the microangiopathic hemolytic anemias, particularly thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Why is my immune system attacking my platelets?

Immune thrombocytopenia usually happens when your immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets, which are cell fragments that help blood clot. In adults, this may be triggered by infection with HIV , hepatitis or H. pylori — the type of bacteria that causes stomach ulcers.

How high is LDH in TTP?

An LDH level in the 1000 IU/L range (normal, < 200 IU/L) is not unusual. Generally, a moderate degree of hyperbilirubinemia (2.5-4 mg/dL) is present, with the indirect form predominating. The direct Coombs test determines the presence of antibodies on red cells.

Why is the platelet count low in TTP?

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a blood disorder in which platelet clumps form in small blood vessels. This leads to a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).

What is the survival rate of TTP?

The mortality rate of patients with TTP was 90% until the introduction of plasma therapy that increased the survival rate to 70-80%, with minimal or no sequelae. Of the survivors, 30-60% suffer from relapses, often in association with precipitating factors such as infections, surgery, and pregnancy.

Can low vitamin D cause low platelets?

Conclusion: Vitamin D treatment lowered platelet counts. This may be beneficial in medical conditions such as essential thrombocythemia in which platelet counts are higher than normal, and may help decrease platelet counts.

What autoimmune disease can cause low platelets?

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes you to have low platelet levels. Platelets are cell fragments that are found in the blood and normally help the blood to clot. In people with ITP, the body produces antibodies that attack and destroy the platelets.

What autoimmune diseases cause low blood platelets?

Autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, cause this type. The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets. If the exact cause of this condition isn’t known, it’s called idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. This type more often affects children.

Is D dimer elevated in TTP?

In this study, the plasma D-dimer level moderately increased in patients with TTP, which was consistent with the findings of previous studies. For instance, in Hideo’s study that consisted of 15 TTP patients, the D-dimer level (mean ± SD) was 451.0 ± 436.0 ng/mL.

Why does LDH increase in TTP?

Abstract. Elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a characteristic finding in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). It is widely accepted that total serum LDH principally rises due to the release of red blood cell LDH as a consequence of intravascular hemolysis.