What is excavation method?
Table of Contents
What is excavation method?
Excavation methods are the various techniques used within archaeology to dig, uncover, identify, process, and record archaeological remains. Archeological excavation involves the removal of soil, sediment, or rock that covers artifacts or other evidence of human activity.
What are the steps of excavation?
The entire excavation process includes:
- setting out corner benchmarks.
- surveying ground and top levels.
- excavation to the approved depth.
- dressing the loose soil.
- making up to cut off level.
- the construction of dewatering wells and interconnecting trenches.
- making boundaries of the building.
What are the types of shoring?
Here are several different shoring types that construction professionals use:
- H and I-beam shoring.
- Secant pile shoring.
- Contiguous pile shoring.
- Sheet piles.
- Diaphragm walls.
- Raking shoring.
- Hydraulic shoring.
- Soil nail shoring.
What is the difference between excavation and trenching?
What is the difference between an excavation and a trench? OSHA defines an excavation as any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the Earth’s surface formed by earth removal. A trench is defined as a narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the ground.
How many methods of excavation are there?
Method of Excavation Methods of excavation can be classified according to their purpose, that is, whether the excavation is for foundations, slopes, or underground openings. Methods of excavation in a broader sense can be divided into three types: digging, ripping, and blasting.
What are the methods of trench excavation?
Trench Excavation Methods
- Conventional methods: excavators +/- rock breakers.
- Drill & blast.
- Trenching.
What are the control measures of excavation?
How is Excavation Done Safely?
- Inspect trenches daily before work begins.
- Check weather conditions before work, be mindful of rain and storms.
- Keep heavy equipment away from trench edges.
- Be mindful of the location of utilities underground.
- Always wear proper protective equipment.
- Don’t work beneath raised loads.
What is deep excavation work?
Excavation is a procedure that involves soil or/and rock removal in order to form a cavity and create construction space using different techniques. Excavations that exceed a depth of 4.5m (15ft) are considered Deep Excavations.
Why is deep excavation needed?
Excavation of basement or foundations induces movements as a consequence of stress-release from earthwork and an increase in overburden pressure in the retained ground. Ground movements throughout excavation result in damage to existing structure located nearby.
What depth do you need shoring?
Trenches 5 feet (1.5 meters) deep or greater require a protective system unless the excavation is made entirely in stable rock. If less than 5 feet deep, a competent person may determine that a protective system is not required.
How deep can an excavation be without shoring?
5 feet
How Deep Can a Trench Be Without Shoring? Trenches with a depth of 5 feet (1.5 meters) or greater need a protective system unless the entire excavation is in stable rock. If there is anything less than 5 feet, it is up to a competent person’s discretion to determine if there is a need for a protective system.
At what depth does a trench require shoring?
five feet deep
Depth of trench If the trench is five feet deep or more it must be shored or sloped. If there is a possibility of soil movement, even shallower trenches have to be shored.
What depth is shoring required?
1. Depth of trench If the trench is five feet deep or more it must be shored or sloped. If there is a possibility of soil movement, even shallower trenches have to be shored. If you have doubt about it, shore/slope the trench.
What are 3 main protection methods against cave-ins?
To prevent cave-ins:
- SLOPE or bench trench walls.
- SHORE trench walls with supports, or.
- SHIELD trench walls with trench boxes.
