What are the satellite cells?
Table of Contents
What are the satellite cells?
Satellite cells are the primary stem cells in adult skeletal muscle and are responsible for postnatal muscle growth, hypertrophy and regeneration. Since their original identification, satellite cells have been considered as unipotent myogenic precursor cells.
What is the function of satellite cells in the nervous system?
glial cells that surround some neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Their role is not fully understood, but it is thought they provide nutrient support and protection. They may also help to regulate the neuronal environment and be involved in neurotransmission.
Where are satellite cells found in muscle?
Skeletal muscle satellite cells are quiescent mononucleated myogenic cells, located between the sarcolemma and basement membrane of terminally-differentiated muscle fibres.
What is the location and function of satellite cells?
Vertebrate muscles contain satellite cells that are quiescent myoblasts that have the ability to proliferate, differentiate, and fuse together to form new muscle fibers. The satellite cells are found between muscle fibers and its surrounding basal lamina (Carlson 1995).
Why are satellite cells called satellite cells?
Myosatellite cells, also known as satellite cells, muscle stem cells or MuSCs, are small multipotent cells with very little cytoplasm found in mature muscle. Satellite cells are precursors to skeletal muscle cells, able to give rise to satellite cells or differentiated skeletal muscle cells.
Where do satellite cells come from?
In limb and trunk muscles, satellite cells are derived from cells that express both Pax7 and its paralog, Pax3, during embryogenesis, whereas progenitors participating in development of many head muscles do not exhibit Pax3 expression (Epstein et al. 1996; Tajbakhsh et al.
What are Schwann and satellite cells?
Functionally, the schwann cells are similar to oligodendrocytes of the CNS. Satellite cells are small glia that surround neurons’ sensory ganglia in the ANS. These resemble the astrocytes of the CNS and assist in regulating the external chemical environment.
What is the difference between Schwann and satellite cells?
Schwann cells: Similar to oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, Schwann cells myelinate neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Satellite cells: Satellite cells surround neurons in the sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and help regulate the chemical environment.
How are satellite cells activated?
Extracellular matrix signals These ECM proteins bind HGF and other growth factors to lower their effective concentration around satellite cells. Once trauma occurs in a muscle, ECM is damaged and the trapped growth factors are released to activate the quiescent satellite cells (Fig. 1).
What do satellite cells secrete?
(1) The satellite cells of damaged muscle (DM) secrete MMP-2 and MMP-9. MMP-2 degrades the basement membrane, while MMP-9 degrades the ECM of the interstitial tissues (IECM), releasing pro-HGF that has been sequestered in the ECM.
What is the difference between Schwann cells and satellite cells?
Where is Schwann cells located?
the peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells and satellite glia are the two main glial cell types of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Whereas satellite glia are found within ganglia in close association with neuronal somata, Schwann cells are found in close contact with axons in the peripheral nerves.
Where are satellite glial cells?
peripheral ganglia
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are unique cells whose most distinctive morphological feature is that they wrap around neuronal cell bodies, in most cases forming a complete envelope. SGCs are found exclusively in peripheral ganglia — sensory, parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia (Fig. 1a,b).
Are satellite cells CNS or PNS?
peripheral nervous system
Key Points. There are two kinds of neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system (PNS): Schwann cells and satellite cells. Schwann cells provide myelination to peripheral neurons.
Are satellite cells in the CNS or PNS?
Satellite glial cells are a type of glia found in the peripheral nervous system, specifically in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia. They compose the thin cellular sheaths that surround the individual neurons in these ganglia.
What is difference between myelin sheath and Schwann cell?
The main difference between Schwann cell and myelin sheath is that Schwann cells wrap around the axon of the neuron to form the myelin sheath while myelin sheath serves as an electrically insulating layer. Schwann cell and myelin sheath are two types of structures in the axon of the neuron.
What are satellite glial cells?
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are unique cells whose most distinctive morphological feature is that they wrap around neuronal cell bodies, in most cases forming a complete envelope. SGCs are found exclusively in peripheral ganglia — sensory, parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia (Fig. 1a,b).
What type of neuron is a satellite cell?
sensory neurons
| Satellite glial cell | |
|---|---|
| Satellite glial cells surround the cell bodies of sensory neurons | |
| Details | |
| Location | Surface of neuron bodies in sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia |
| Identifiers |
What is Swan cell?
A Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath by wrapping its plasma membrane concentrically around the inner axon. While the nucleus remains fixed, the inner turn of the glial cell membrane spirals around the axon to add membrane layers, or lamellae, to the myelin sheath.
