What is IWA water balance?

What is IWA water balance?

The International Water Association water balance is an approach applied worldwide for determining and analysing water losses in water distribution systems (WDS) up to the point of customer metering.

What is the difference between non-revenue water and unaccounted for water?

The terms are sometimes used interchangeably, but are actually quite different. Non-revenue water includes authorized but unbilled water use (such as for firefighting) while unaccounted for water does not. by dams or other earthworks.

What is infrastructure leakage index?

The Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) is a performance indicator of real (physical) water loss from the supply network of water distribution systems. The ILI was developed by the International Water Association (IWA) Water Loss Task Force (WLTF) and first published in 1999.

What are the three components of non revenue water?

consumption, and it consists of the following: • Unbilled Authorized Consumption (usually a minor component of water balance), • Apparent Losses, and • Real Losses.

What is Ili in water?

How is Ili calculated?

ILI is the ratio of Current Annual Real Losses (CARL) to Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL), or ILI = CARL / UARL. Being a ratio, the ILI has no units and thus facilitates comparisons between countries that use different measurement units (metric, U.S., British).

What are non-revenue resources?

Sources of Non Tax revenue of State Government Home guards. Electricity. Administrative services. Municipal services.

What is a good infrastructure leakage index?

It should be noted that an ILI of less than 1.0 is achievable; UARL is based on a quantitative formula using clearly specified system parameters (for background leakage, numbers of reported and unreported bursts, flow rates, durations etc) and performance, and if local parameters are less, then an ILI of less than 1.0 …

What is ILI in water?

What is ILI report?

Outpatient Illness Surveillance Information on outpatient visits to health care providers for influenza-like illness (ILI) is collected through the U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet).

What are some examples of non-tax revenue?

The government also collects interest as non-tax revenue on the loans and funds advanced to states for various purposes….Sources of Non Tax revenue of State Government

• Police services.
• Home guards.
• Electricity.
• Administrative services.
• Municipal services.
• Jobs through state public services boards.
• Sale of stationery.
• Gazettes.

What does ILI and SARI stand for?

The WHO global influenza surveillance standards define the surveillance case definitions for influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infections (SARI).

What is ILI net?

The Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network, or ILINet, is a program is conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health departments which collects influenza surveillance data from volunteer sentinel healthcare providers.