What is constructed wetland and types?
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What is constructed wetland and types?
The three types of constructed wetlands discussed in this chapter are: 1) horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, 2) horizontal free water surface flow constructed wetlands, and 3) vertical flow constructed wetlands. Constructed wetlands have been used to treat both centralized and on-site wastewater.
What are constructed wetlands used for?
A constructed wetland is used to recreate the treatment processes that occur in natural wetlands. Natural wetlands generally have visible water in the system. (NOTE: Natural wetlands are not to be used to treat wastewater. Constructed wetlands are sized and designed specifically to treat wastewater.)
What is a vertical flow constructed wetland?
A vertical flow constructed wetland is a planted filter bed that is drained at the bottom. Wastewater is poured or dosed onto the surface from above using a mechanical dosing system. The water flows vertically down through the filter matrix to the bottom of the basin where it is collected in a drainage pipe.
What are the disadvantages of constructed wetlands?
Disadvantages of constructed wetlands include high land area requirements (depending on the design, they may require a relatively large land area compared to a conventional facility), the need for a preliminary treatment before the wastewaters treated by the system (normally they do not used to treat raw wastewaters).
Do constructed wetlands smell?
Water flows through the wetland by passing from one pore space to the next while remaining below the surface of the media. If the total cross-sectional area of pore spaces is too small, wastewater cannot enter the media, and the water level rises to the surface of the wetland, causing odors.
What are the 3 types of soils within the wetlands?
Wetland soils, also known as hydric soils, are soils which are saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part that favor the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation ((USDA Soil Conservation Service 1985, as amended by the NTCHS in December …
What is horizontal flow wetlands?
Executive Summary. A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlandis a large gravel and sand-filled basin that is planted with wetland vegetation. As wastewater flows horizontally through the basin, the filter material filters out particles and microorganisms degrade the organics.
How deep should a wetland be?
Restored wetlands range in depth from surface saturated soils up to about 6 feet of standing water with an desired average depth of 18 inches. Water control structures are used to manage wetlands by raising and lowering water levels. Before restoring a wetland, landowners should consider their primary goals.
What are the five major wetlands?
Wetlands can generally be classified into five basic systems, namely: Lacustrine, Riverine, Palustrine, Marine and Estuarine (Frazier, 1996).
What is the soil in a wetland called?
hydric soils
Wetland soils, also known as hydric soils, are soils which are saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part that favor the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation ((USDA Soil Conservation Service 1985, as amended by the NTCHS in December …
What is a common wetland soil type?
Wetland soils are hydric soils, meaning they are constantly saturated. There are two main types of wetland soil, mineral and organic. These soils are defined by their percentage of organic matter. Bogs, swamps, marshes and fens are all examples of types of wetlands.
What is surface flow wetlands?
flow constructed wetlands A surface flow (SF) wetland consists of a shallow basin (<1m), soil or other medium to support the roots of helophytes and the water control structure that maintains a shallow depth of water (0.2-0.4 m). In this system wastewater surface is above the substrate as shown in Figure 1.
