What does Listeria innocua cause?

What does Listeria innocua cause?

Listeria monocytogenes causes mastitis and abortion in animals. In humans, it causes miscarriages and meningitis in its severe form and flu-like symptoms in its mild form. Raw milk can be contaminated with Li.

What is Innocua Listeria?

innocua is usually non-hemolytic, arylamidase-positive, and phosphoinositide phospholipase C-negative. Although it is not generally considered a human pathogen, L. innocua was identified in 2003 as the cause of death of a 62-year-old, otherwise healthy, woman. As with other species in the genus, L.

What is the virulence factor of Listeria?

listeriolysin O
Several virulence factors of Listeria monocytogenes have been identified and extensively characterized at the molecular and cell biologic levels, including the hemolysin (listeriolysin O), two distinct phospholipases, a protein (ActA), several internalins, and others.

What is the main cause of Listeria?

It’s most commonly caused by eating improperly processed deli meats and unpasteurized milk products. Healthy people rarely become ill from listeria infection, but the disease can be fatal to unborn babies, newborns and people with weakened immune systems.

What food causes Listeria?

Past listeriosis outbreaks in the U.S. have been linked to raw, unpasteurized milks and cheeses, ice cream, raw or processed vegetables, raw or processed fruits, raw or undercooked poultry, sausages, hot dogs, deli meats, and raw or smoked fish and other seafood. L. monocytogenes has also been found in raw pet food.

Is Innocua Listeria harmful?

Listeria innocua, as its name suggests, is harmless to other organisms. It lacks the 10-kb virulence locus that is needed for pathogenicity. Out of the six species of Listeria, only L. monocytogenes causes a disease called listeriosis in both human and animal hosts (8).

What foods cause Listeria?

What is the difference between Listeria spp and Listeria monocytogenes?

The key difference between Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria spp is that L. monocytogenes is a foodborne human pathogenic species of the genus Listeria while Listeria spp is a member of the Listeria genus that contains 21 species, including pathogenic L. monocytogenes and non-pathogenic Listeria innocua.

What are the toxins produced by Listeria monocytogenes?

Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a toxin produced by Listeria monocytogenes, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for the disease listeriosis. This disease starts with the ingestion of contaminated foods and mainly affects immunocompromised individuals, newborns, and pregnant women.

What are the characteristics of Listeria?

Listeria spp. are small gram-positive rod (0.5–4 μm in diameter and 0.5–2 μm in length), non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative organisms. Listeria has tumbling motility at 20–25°C due to peritrichous flagella.

What are signs of Listeria?

What are the symptoms of listeriosis? Listeriosis can cause mild, flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, muscle aches, and diarrhea or upset stomach. You also may have a stiff neck, headache, confusion, or loss of balance. Symptoms may appear as late as 2 months after you have eaten something with Listeria.

Which cheese poses a higher risk of listeriosis?

Soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk (also called raw milk) are estimated to be 50 to 160 times more likely to cause Listeria infection than when they are made with pasteurized milk.

How can you tell if you have Listeria?

The symptoms vary with the infected person: Higher-risk people other than pregnant women: Symptoms can include fever, muscle aches, headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, and convulsions. Pregnant women: Pregnant women typically experience only fever, and other non-specific symptoms like chills and headache.

Are there different strains of Listeria?

grayi and 10 Listeria species newly described since 2009). The separation into these two groups is based on the relatedness of species to L. monocytogenes, which is both the first named Listeria species classified and the most important species in terms of public health and economic impact.

How do you know if you have Listeria monocytogenes?

There are well established confirmation and identification procedures for Listeria spp and for L. monocytogenes. Preliminary identification based on colony appearance on chromogenic and other selective agar media is traditionally confirmed using classical biochemical and morphological tests.

How do you contract Listeria?

Listeria can be spread to people by several different methods. Eating food contaminated with the bacteria, such as through raw (unpasteurized) milk or contaminated vegetables, is often a source for cases. The bacteria may be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy or directly to the newborn at the time of birth.

Is Listeria a Coccobacilli?

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive coccobacillus that produces infections in both the normal and the compromised host. Symptomatic bacteremia and pulmonary infection or meningitis are the most common clinical presentations in adults.