What is a lactone ring?

What is a lactone ring?

Cyclic esters are called lactones. In these cases the COOH and OH groups that combine to form water are part of the same molecule (see above Classes of carboxylic acids: Hydroxy and keto acids). Lactones are known with rings of all sizes from 3 to 20 or more, although 3-membered rings are extremely unstable.

Which compound has lactone ring?

The name lactone derives from the ring compound called lactide, which is formed from the dehydration of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (lactic acid) CH3-CH(OH)-COOH. Lactic acid, in turn, derives its name from its original isolation from soured milk (Latin: lac, lactis).

Which class of drug contain lactone ring in their structure?

The macrolides are a class of natural products that consist of a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. The lactone rings are usually 14-, 15-, or 16-membered. Macrolides belong to the polyketide class of natural products.

Which is the lactone ring containing vitamin?

Vitamin D3 derivatives with adamantane or lactone ring side chains are cell type-selective vitamin D receptor modulators. Mol Pharmacol.

What is lactone used for?

Lactone 100mg Tablet is a medicine known as a diuretic (water pill). It is mainly used in the treatment of heart failure and high blood pressure. It reduces the swelling (edema) caused by some other conditions. This medicine is also used to treat low potassium levels in the body (hypokalemia).

What are lactones properties?

Lactones are cyclic esters. Many simple examples occur in essential oils, as well as more complex molecules, which have low volatility. Sesquiterpene lactones are notorious for their tendency to be skin sensitizers (Warshaw & Zug 1996).

What is a lactone functional group?

A lactone is an ester in which the functional group of the ester has become part of a ring structure with carbon atoms. Names of lactones end with -in or -one, e.g. umbelliferone.

What are examples of lactones?

Some Examples of Lactones are Macrolides, Ellagic acid, Kavalactones, Lactide, Valoneic, Tergallic acid diactone.

Which lactone has 6 member rings?

The γ- and δ-lactones, containing five- and six-membered rings, respectively, are the most common. They are formed by loss of water from the corresponding hydroxy acids, a process that often occurs spontaneously even in aqueous solution.

What is lactone and lactam?

A molecule that contains a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group can undergo an intramolecular esterification forming a cyclic ester called a lactone. A molecule with a carboxyl group and an amine can undergo intramolecular aminolysis to form a cyclic amide called a lactam.

Is lactone the same as lactose?

The key difference between lactide and lactone is that a lactide is any of the class of heterocyclic compounds formed by heating alpha-lactose whereas lactone is a cyclic ester that is derived from a hydroxy acid.

How is a lactone formed?

Lactones are cyclic organic esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids, usually formed by reaction of a halogen atom or hydroxyl group with a carboxylic acid group present in the same molecule. These are formed by intramolecular esterification of respective hydroxycarboxylic acids.

What is the difference between lactone and lactam?

What can form lactone?

lactone, any of a class of cyclic organic esters, usually formed by reaction of a carboxylic acid group with a hydroxyl group or halogen atom present in the same molecule.

What is the prefix of lactone?

The lactone formed will be named after the carbon atom which is connected to the -OH (hydroxy) group that the -COOH group reacts with, and this will determine the prefix of the lactone. The prefixes also indicate the ring size: beta-lactone (4-membered), gamma-lactone (5-membered), delta-lactone (6-membered ring).

How many rings does a lactone have?

Lactones with three- or four-membered rings (α-lactones and β-lactones) are very reactive, making their isolation difficult. Special methods are normally required for the laboratory synthesis of small-ring lactones as well as those that contain rings larger than six-membered.

Lactone. Lactones are formed by intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids, which takes place spontaneously when the ring that is formed is five- or six-membered. Lactones with three- or four-membered rings (α-lactones and β-lactones) are very reactive, making their isolation difficult.

What happens when a lactone ring is hydrated?

Lactone ring hydration unveils the active hydroxy acid, a reaction accompanied by a marked decrease in lipophilicity. From:Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry II, 2007 Related terms: Lactone Ester Camptothecin Alkene Metathesis Reaction Ring Closing Metathesis [Alpha] Macrolide Antibiotic Agent Total Synthesis View all Topics Download as PDF